Monthly Archives: May 2018

1.33 – Source Notes



Special thanks to David Severa of the Early and Often podcast for providing this episode’s intro quote

Audio editing by Andrew Pfannkuche

  • Adams, John. “To Abigail Adams, 5 January 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/04-11-02-0058. [Original source: The Adams Papers, Adams Family Correspondence, vol. 11, July 1795 – February 1797, ed. Margaret A. Hogan, C. James Taylor, Sara Martin, Neal E. Millikan, Hobson Woodward, Sara B. Sikes, and Gregg L. Lint. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013, pp. 122–123.] [Last Accessed: 6 Apr 2018]
  • Adams, John. “To Abigail Adams, 7 January 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/04-11-02-0061. [Original source: The Adams Papers, Adams Family Correspondence, vol. 11, July 1795 – February 1797, ed. Margaret A. Hogan, C. James Taylor, Sara Martin, Neal E. Millikan, Hobson Woodward, Sara B. Sikes, and Gregg L. Lint. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013, pp. 130–131.] [Last Accessed: 7 Apr 2018]
  • Adams, John. “To Abigail Adams, 20 January 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/04-11-02-0066. [Original source: The Adams Papers, Adams Family Correspondence, vol. 11, July 1795 – February 1797, ed. Margaret A. Hogan, C. James Taylor, Sara Martin, Neal E. Millikan, Hobson Woodward, Sara B. Sikes, and Gregg L. Lint. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013, pp. 141–142.] [Last Accessed: 7 Apr 2018]
  • Ammon, Harry. James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity. Charlottesville, VA and London: University Press of Virginia, 1999 [1971].
  • Chernow, Ron. Alexander Hamilton. New York: Penguin Press, 2004.
  • Chernow, Ron. Washington: A Life. New York: Penguin Press, 2010.
  • Clarfield, Gerard H. Timothy Pickering and American Diplomacy 1795-1800. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1969.
  • Durham, Walter T. Before Tennessee: The Southwest Territory 1790-1796. Piney Flats, TN: Rocky Mount Historical Association, 1990.
  • Ernst, Robert. Rufus King: American Federalist. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1968.
  • Hamilton, Alexander. “The Defence No. I, [22 July 1795],” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-18-02-0305-0002. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 18, January 1795 – July 1795, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1973, pp. 479–489.] [Last Accessed: 7 Apr 2018]
  • Hamilton, Alexander. “To Timothy Pickering, [10 May 1796],” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-20-02-0103. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 20, January 1796 – March 1797, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, pp. 167–168.] [Last Accessed: 10 Apr 2018]
  • Hamilton, Alexander. “To George Washington, [10 May 1796],” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-20-02-0105-0002. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 20, January 1796 – March 1797, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, pp. 173–174.] [Last Accessed: 10 Apr 2018]
  • Hamilton, Alexander. “To Oliver Wolcott, Junior, [15 June 1796],” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified April 12, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-20-02-0138. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 20, January 1796 – March 1797, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, pp. 223–224.] [Last Accessed: 27 Apr 2018]
  • Hamilton, Alexander. “To George Washington, 5 July 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified April 12, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-20-02-0157. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 20, January 1796 – March 1797, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, pp. 246–248.] [Last Accessed: 27 Apr 2018]
  • Hamilton, Alexander. “To Rufus King, 16 December 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified April 12, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-20-02-0285. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 20, January 1796 – March 1797, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, pp. 444–447.] [Last Accessed: 20 Apr 2018]
  • Hamilton, Stanislaus Murray, ed. The Writings of James Monroe, Including a Collection of his Public and Private Papers and Correspondence Now for the First Time Printed, Volume II. 1794-1796. New York and London: G P Putnam’s Sons, 1899.
  • Jay, John. “To George Washington from John Jay, 18 April 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-00452. [Last Accessed: 7 Apr 2018]
  • King, Rufus. “To Alexander Hamilton, 2 May [1796],” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-20-02-0092-0001. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 20, January 1796 – March 1797, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, pp. 151–152.] [Last Accessed: 10 Apr 2018]
  • Lambert, Frank. The Barbary Wars: American Independence in the Atlantic World. New York: Hill and Wang, 2007 [2005].
  • Landry, Jerry. The Presidencies of the United States. http://presidencies.blubrry.com. 2018.
  • Madison, James. “To James Monroe, 26 February 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-16-02-0155. [Original source: The Papers of James Madison, vol. 16, 27 April 1795 – 27 March 1797, ed. J. C. A. Stagg, Thomas A. Mason, and Jeanne K. Sisson. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1989, pp. 232–234.] [Last Accessed: 6 Apr 2018]
  • Malone, Dumas. Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty: Jefferson and His Time, Volume Three. Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 1962.
  • Marshall, John. “To George Washington, 11 July 1796.” The Papers of John Marshall Volume III: Correspondence and Papers, January 1796-December 1798. William C Stinchcombe and Charles T Cullen, eds. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1979. pp. 32-33
  • Nettels, Curtis P. The Emergence of a National Economy: The Economic History of the United States, Volume II. White Plains, NY: M E Sharpe Inc, 1962.
  • Pasley, Jeffrey L. The First Presidential Contest: 1796 and the Founding of American Democracy. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2013.
  • Pickering, Timothy. “To George Washington from Timothy Pickering, 12 May 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-00513. [Last Accessed: 10 Apr 2018]
  • Smith, Jean Edward. John Marshall: Definer of a Nation. New York: Henry Holt & Co, 1998 [1996].
  • Spalding, Paul S. Lafayette: Prisoner of State. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2010.
  • Stahr, Walter. John Jay: Founding Father. New York: Hambledon & Continuum, 2006 [2005].
  • “Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and The United States; October 27, 1795.” The Avalon Project. Yale Law School. [Original Source: Teaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America, Volume 2, Documents 1-40: 1776-1818. Hunter Miller, ed. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1931.] http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/sp1795.asp [Last Accessed: 20 Apr 2018]
  • Washington, George. “To Alexander Hamilton, 15 May 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-20-02-0106. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 20, January 1796 – March 1797, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, pp. 174–178.] [Last Accessed: 10 Apr 2018]
  • Washington, George. “To John Marshall, 8 July 1796,” The Papers of John Marshall Volume III: Correspondence and Papers, January 1796-December 1798. William C Stinchcombe and Charles T Cullen, eds. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1979. pp. 33-34.
  • Washington, George. “Transcription: Washington’s First Draft for an Address.” New York State Library, last modified December 5, 2016. [Original Source: Washington’s Farewell Address, ed. Victor Hugo Paltsits. New York: New York Public Library, 1935.] http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/mssc/washington/farewell.htm. [Last Accessed: 6 Apr 2018]
  • Zahniser, Marvin R. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Founding Father. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1967.

Featured Image: “Thomas Pinckney,” W C Armstrong, courtesy of Wikipedia


1.33 – Race to the Finish Line



Year(s) Discussed: 1790-1796

Relations between the US and France deteriorate after the Jay Treaty goes into effect while Washington gets involved in the campaign to secure Lafayette’s release from his imprisonment in the Habsburg Monarchy, the administration takes care of business as the end of Washington’s second term draws closer, and the parties position themselves to launch into the 1796 presidential campaign as soon as Washington finally makes official his plans to retire (aka the worst kept secret in the 18th century). Source information for this episode can be found at http://presidencies.blubrry.com.

Featured Image: “Portrait of Marie Adrienne Francoise de Noailles, Marquise de La Fayette (1759-1807)”, courtesy of Wikipedia


1.32 – Source Notes



Special thanks to Rene Bruzon, better known as Reen, of Reen’s Time Machine for providing the intro quote!

Audio editing by Andrew Pfannkuche

  • Bernhard, Winfred E A. Fisher Ames: Federalist and Statesman 1758-1808. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1965.
  • Buchanan, James. “Oliver Ellsworth.” The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789-1995, Second Edition. Cushman, Clare, ed. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, 1995. p. 46-50.
  • Cassell, Frank A. Merchant Congressman in the Young Republic: Samuel Smith of Maryland, 1752-1839. Madison, WI; Milwaukee, WI; and London: University of Wisconsin Press, 1971.
  • Chernow, Ron. Alexander Hamilton. New York: Penguin Press, 2004.
  • Chernow, Ron. Washington: A Life. New York: Penguin Press, 2010.
  • Clarfield, Gerard H. Timothy Pickering and American Diplomacy 1795-1800. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1969.
  • Cushman, Clare. “William Cushing.” The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789-1995, Second Edition. Cushman, Clare, ed. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, 1995. p. 11-15.
  • Ellis, Richard E. “Ellsworth, Oliver.” The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Kermit L Hall, ed. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. p. 252.
  • Flexner, James Thomas. George Washington: Anguish and Farewell (1793-1799). Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown and Co, 1972 [1969].
  • Hall, Kermit L, ed. The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  • Hamilton, Alexander. “To George Washington, [7 March 1796],” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-20-02-0038-0002. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 20, January 1796 – March 1797, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, pp. 68–69.] [Last Accessed: 31 Mar 2018]
  • Hamilton, Alexander. “To George Washington, 24 March 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-20-02-0053. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 20, January 1796 – March 1797, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, pp. 81–82.] [Last Accessed: 31 Mar 2018]
  • Hamilton, Alexander. “To George Washington, 28 March 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-20-02-0055. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 20, January 1796 – March 1797, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, pp. 83–85.] [Last Accessed: 31 Mar 2018]
  • Haw, James. “Samuel Chase.” The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789-1995, Second Edition. Cushman, Clare, ed. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, 1995. p. 41-45.
  • Jefferson, Thomas. “To James Madison, 21 September 1795,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-16-02-0052. [Original source: The Papers of James Madison, vol. 16, 27 April 1795 – 27 March 1797, ed. J. C. A. Stagg, Thomas A. Mason, and Jeanne K. Sisson. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1989, pp. 88–89.] [Last Accessed: 30 Mar 2018]
  • Jefferson, Thomas. “To Philip Mazzei, 24 April 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-29-02-0054-0002. [Original source: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 29, 1 March 1796 – 31 December 1797, ed. Barbara B. Oberg. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002, pp. 81–83.] [Last Accessed: 26 Mar 2018]
  • Ketcham, Ralph. James Madison: A Biography. Charlottesville, VA and London: University Press of Virginia, 1994 [1971].
  • Madison, James. “To Thomas Jefferson, 31 January 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-16-02-0125. [Original source: The Papers of James Madison, vol. 16, 27 April 1795 – 27 March 1797, ed. J. C. A. Stagg, Thomas A. Mason, and Jeanne K. Sisson. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1989, pp. 208–210.] [Last Accessed: 30 Mar 2018]
  • Madison, James. “To James Monroe, 26 February 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-16-02-0155. [Original source: The Papers of James Madison, vol. 16, 27 April 1795 – 27 March 1797, ed. J. C. A. Stagg, Thomas A. Mason, and Jeanne K. Sisson. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1989, pp. 232–234.] [Last Accessed: 6 Apr 2018]
  • Malone, Dumas. Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty: Jefferson and His Time, Volume Three. Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 1962.
  • McDonald, Forrest. The Presidency of George Washington. Lawrence, KS; Manhattan, KS; and Wichita, KS: The University Press of Kansas, 1974 [1974].
  • Pasley, Jeffrey L. The First Presidential Contest: 1796 and the Founding of American Democracy. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2013.
  • Pickering, Timothy. “To Alexander Hamilton, 17 November 1795,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-19-02-0086. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 19, July 1795 – December 1795, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1973, pp. 435–441.] [Last Accessed: 26 Mar 2018]
  • Robbins, Karen E. James McHenry: Forgotten Federalist. Athens, GA and London: University of Georgia Press, 2013.
  • Rogers, George C, Jr. Evolution of a Federalist: William Loughton Smith of Charleston (1758-1812). Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1967 [1962].
  • Spalding, Paul S. Lafayette: Prisoner of State. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2010.
  • Warrington, David R. “Cushing, William.” The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Kermit L Hall, ed. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. p. 213-214.
  • Washington, George. “To Alexander Hamilton, 13 February 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified February 1, 2018, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-20-02-0029. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 20, January 1796 – March 1797, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, p. 55.] [Last Accessed: 31 Mar 2018]
  • Washington, George. “Message to the House of Representatives Regarding Documents Relative to the Jay Treaty,” March 30, 1796. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=65520. [Last Accessed: 31 Mar 2018]

Featured Image: “David Filippo Mazzei” by Jacques-Louis David [c. 1790], courtesy of Wikipedia


1.32 – Samsons and Solomons



Year(s) Discussed: 1795-1796

Though finally managing to resolve his personnel issues, Washington and his Cabinet find themselves faced with a host of new problems including a new round of debate over the Jay Treaty and political maneuverings by the Democratic-Republicans as the next presidential election draws ever closer. Source information for this episode can be found at http://presidencies.blubrry.com.

Featured Image: “James McHenry” by H Pollock, courtesy of Wikipedia